Anterior Compartment of the Thigh
| Muscle | Proximal Attachment | Distal Attachment | Innervation | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iliacus | Ilaic fossa | Lesser trochanter | Femoral n. | Flex thigh |
| Psoas Major | Lumbar vertebrae | Lesser trochanter | Lumbar plexus | Flex thigh |
| Sartorius | ASIS | Medial proximal tibia | Femoral n. | Flex, abduct, and ER thigh |
| Rectus Femoris | AIIS | Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament | Femoral n. | Flex thigh, extend leg |
| Vastus Lateralis | Femoral shaft | Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament | Femoral n. | Extend leg |
| Vastus Medialis | Femoral shaft | Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament | Femoral n. | Extend leg |
| Vastus Intermedius | Femoral shaft | Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament | Femoral n. | Extend leg |
Medial Compartment of the Thigh
| Pectineus | Pubis | Linea aspera | Femoral n. | Adduct thigh |
| Adductor Longus | Pubis | Linea aspera | Obturator n. | Adduct thigh |
| Adductor Brevis | Pubis | Linea aspera | Obturator n. | Adduct thigh |
| Adductor Magnus | Pubis and ischial tuberosity | Linea aspera and adductor tubercle | Obturator n. + tibial n. | Adduct + extend thigh |
| Gracilis | Pubis | Medial side of tibia via pes anserinus | Obturator n. | Adducts thigh, flexes + IR leg |
Posterior Compartment of the Thigh
| Semitendinosus | Ischial tuberosity | Medial proximal tibia via pes anserinus | Tibial division of sciatic n. | Extend thigh, flex + IR leg |
| Semimembranosus | Ischial tuberosity | Posterior part of medial tibial condyle | Tibial division of sciatic n. | Extend thigh, flex + IR leg |
| Biceps Femoris | Long head – ischial tuberosity
Short head – linea aspera |
Head of fibula | Long head – tibial division of sciatic n.
Short head – common fibular division of sciatic n. |
Extend thigh, flex and ER leg |
Gluteal Region
| Tensor Fascia Lata | ASIS | Iliotibial tract to lateral condyle of tibia | Superior gluteal n. | Trunk stabilization, flexion + ABDuction + IR of the thigh |
| Gluteus Maximus | Ilium, sacrum, coccyx | Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity | Inferior gluteal n. | Extend + ER thigh |
| Gluteus Medius | External surface of ilium | Greater trochanter | Superior gluteal n. | ABDuct + IR thigh |
| Gluteus Minimus | External surface of ilium | Greater trochanter | Superior gluteal n. | ABDuct + IR thigh |
| Piriformis | Anterior surface of sacrum | Greater trochanter | Sacral plexus (S1-S2) | ER of thigh |
| Superior Gemellus | Ischial spine | Greater trochanter | N. to obturator internus | ER of thigh |
| Obturator Internus | Obturator foramen – internally | Greater trochanter | N. to obturator internus | ER of thigh |
| Inferior Gemellus | Ischial tuberosity | Greater trochanter | N. to quadratus femoris | ER of thigh |
| Quadratus Femoris | Ischial tuberosity | Intertrochanteric crest | N. to quadratus femoris | ER of thigh |
| Obturator Externus | Obturator foramen – externally | Trochanteric fossa | Obturator n. | ADDuct + ER thigh |
Anterior Compartment of the Leg
| Tibialis Anterior | Tibia – Fibula | 1st metatarsal | Deep fibular n. | Dorsiflex + invert foot |
| Extensor Digitorum Longus | Tibia – Fibula | Middle and distal phalanges of 2nd-5th digits | Deep fibular n. | Dorsiflex foot, extend lateral 4 toes |
| Extensor Hallucis Longus | Tibia – Fibula | Distal phalanx of 1st digit | Deep fibular n. | Dorsiflex foot, extend hallux |
| Fibularis Tertius | Tibia – Fibula | 5th metatarsal | Deep fibular n. | Dorsiflex + evert foot |
Lateral Compartment of the Leg
| Fibularis Longus | Fibula | 1st metatarsal | Superficial fibular n. | Plantarflex + evert foot |
| Fibularis Brevis | Fibula | 5th metatarsal (tuberosity) | Superficial fibular n. | Plantarflex + evert foot |
Posterior Compartment of the Leg
| Gastrocnemius | Condyles of the femur | Calcaneus via tendo calcaneus | Tibial n. | Plantarflex foot, flex leg |
| Soleus | Tibia and fibula | Calcaneus via tendo calcaneus | Tibial n. | Plantarflex foot |
| Plantaris | Lateral condyle of femur | Calcaneus via tendo calcaneus | Tibial n. | Plantarflex foot, flex leg (weakly) |
| Popliteus | Lateral condyle of femur | Posterior tibia | Tibial n. | Flex + IR leg |
| Tibialis Posterior | Tibial and fibula | Navicular | Tibial n. | Plantarflex + invert foot |
| Flexor Hallucis Longus | Tibia and fibula | Distal phalanx of 1st digit | Tibial n. | Flex hallux, plantarflex + invert foot |
| Flexor Digitorum Longus | Tibia and fibula | Distal phalanges of 2nd-5th digits | Tibial n. | Flex 2nd-5th digits, plantarflex + invert foot |
Dorsum of the Foot
| Extensor Digitorum Brevis | Calcaneus | Middle phalanges of 2nd-4th digits | Deep fibular n. | Extend 2nd-4th digits |
| Extensor Hallucis Brevis | Calcaneus | Proximal phalanx of hallux | Deep fibular n. | Extend hallux |
Plantum of the Foot
| Abductor Hallucis | Calcaneus | Proximal phalanx of 1st digit | Medial plantar n. | Abduct hallux |
| Flexor Digitorum Brevis | Calcaneus | Middle phalanges of 2nd-5th digits | Medial plantar n. | Flex 2nd-5th digits |
| Abductor Digiti Minimi | Calcaneus | Proximal phalanx of 5th digit | Lateral plantar n. | ABDuct 5th digit |
| Quadratus Plantae | Calcaneus | Tendon of flexor digitorum longus | Lateral plantar n. | Assist with flexion of 2nd-5th digits |
| Lumbricals (n=4) | Tendon of flexor digitorum longus | Base of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of 2nd-5th digits | Lateral & medial plantar n. | Flex proximal phalanges, extend intermediate and distal phalanges |
| Adductor Hallucis | 2nd-4th metatarsals | Proximal phalans of hallux | Lateral plantar n. | ADDuct hallux |
| Flexor Hallucis Brevis | Cuboid, lateral cuneiform | Proximal phalanx of hallux | Medial plantar n. | Flex hallux |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis | 5th metatarsal | Proximal phalanx of 5th digit | Lateral plantar n. | Flex 5th digit |
| Interossei (3 plantar, 4 dorsal) | Plantar – 3rd-5th metatarsals
Dorsal – 1st-5th metatarsals |
Plantar – proximal phalanges of 3rd-5th digits
Dorsal – proximal phalanges of 2nd-4th digits |
Lateral plantar n. | Plantar – ADDuct digits
Dorsal – ABDuct digits |